Alpha-synuclein found within Lewy bodies.These are called Lewy bodies, and researchers believe these Lewy bodies hold an important clue to the cause of Parkinson's disease. Clumps of specific substances within brain cells are microscopic markers of Parkinson's disease. Researchers have also noted that many changes occur in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease, although it's not clear why these changes occur. Exposure to certain toxins or environmental factors may increase the risk of later Parkinson's disease, but the risk is small. However, certain gene variations appear to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease but with a relatively small risk of Parkinson's disease for each of these genetic markers. But these are uncommon except in rare cases with many family members affected by Parkinson's disease. Researchers have identified specific genetic changes that can cause Parkinson's disease. The cause of Parkinson's disease is unknown, but several factors appear to play a role, including: When dopamine levels decrease, it causes atypical brain activity, leading to impaired movement and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that produce a chemical messenger in your brain called dopamine. In Parkinson's disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down or die. See your health care provider if you have any of the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease - not only to diagnose your condition but also to rule out other causes for your symptoms. It may become hard to write, and your writing may appear small. Your speech may be more of a monotone rather than have the usual speech patterns. You may speak softly, quickly, slur or hesitate before talking. You may have a decreased ability to perform unconscious movements, including blinking, smiling or swinging your arms when you walk. Or you may fall or have balance problems as a result of Parkinson's disease. The stiff muscles can be painful and limit your range of motion. Muscle stiffness may occur in any part of your body. You may drag or shuffle your feet as you try to walk. It may be difficult to get out of a chair. Your steps may become shorter when you walk. Over time, Parkinson's disease may slow your movement, making simple tasks difficult and time-consuming. The shaking may decrease when you are performing tasks. You may rub your thumb and forefinger back and forth. A tremor, or rhythmic shaking, usually begins in a limb, often your hand or fingers. Parkinson's signs and symptoms may include: Symptoms often begin on one side of the body and usually remain worse on that side, even after symptoms begin to affect the limbs on both sides. Early signs may be mild and go unnoticed. Parkinson's disease signs and symptoms can be different for everyone.
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